Valve for internal-combustion engines and method of making the same.



J. H. eouu) & M. E. KONIGSLOW.

VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.4.19I6.

1,295,979. Patented Mar. 4,1919.

2 a 0, f 79f JOHN H. GOULD, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, AND MAX E. KONIGSLOW, OF CLEVELAND,

OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO PFANSTIEHL COMPANY, INC, OF NORTH CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,

A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

VALVE FOB, INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. a, rare.

Application filed August 4, 1916. Serial No. 113,191.

States, residing at Detroit, in the county of \Vayne and State of Michigan, and at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, respectively, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Valves for Internal-Combustion Engines and Methods of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to valves for internal combustion engines and the method of making the same.

For the correct operation of an internal combustion motor, it is required of the valves that they shall not pit, corrode or go out of round. The valve must operate against a spring tension equal to the maximum vacuum multiplied by the number of square inches of valve area plus the maximum inertia at high speeds. This in some cases is quite heavy and at loWer and intermediate speeds when the inertia eflec't becomes lessened, forces the valve against its seat with the effect of a hammer-like blow. The valve is subjected to high temperature and in extreme cases must operate after it has reached a temperature beyond the temperingpoint of ordinary carbon steel. Hot gases are blown over it while at this temperature. This may occur at times in the presence of oxygen, or the gases themselves may contain properties injurious to metal, which would be especially susceptible under the influence of heat. This has a tendency to pit, corrode and war the valve.

In order .to overcome these objections, valves have been made of steel alloys which are dense and have a high tempering point. These steels are expensive and, because of their high tempering ppints and density, are hard to work. The raw material itself is comparatively expensive and on account of the labor required in manufacturing the valves by the methods heretofore employed, the cost of the finished valves is so excessive as to be prohibitive except for use in a few of the higher priced motors. This is especially true of valves in which the valve head and stem are forged or machined from a. single piece of stock.

The object of this invention is to produce a light, strong and durable valve for internal combustion engines which is so constructed that the valve head or valve proper will be of uniform density throughout and will not pit, corrode or warp or go out of round, and can be made with the minimum waste and labor from the minimum amount of material, thus making it commercially possible to use the materials best adapted for the purpose and enabling the use of the valves in moderate priced motors.

With this end in view the valve head or valve proper, which is made separate from the stem, is stamped from a flat disk or sheet of a steel alloy having the requisite density and high tempering point. This head is then secured, as by welding, to the valve stem, which can be made of ordinary carbon steel or other suitable inexpensive metal.

By stamping the valve heads from sheet material, as distinguished from forging'and machining them to shape, there is very little waste of material and only a small amount proportionally of the expensive metal is used. The metal of the stamped head is very dense and of substantially uniform character throughout, since the rolled sheet material from which it is made is dense and the density is increased by the stamping operation. In stamping metal and especially when the metal is drawn slightly in the stamping operation, a permanent set in the metal is obtained wherever a pronounced bend is made. In the case of a valve this tends to prevent it from warping or going out of round. The stamped head is of substantially uniform thickness throughout and owing to its greater density and rigidity it can be made thin and light. This is desirable as it reduces the inertia effect, which is especially noticeable at high speeds. It means less work on the cams, push-rods and push-rod guides, and lighter valve springs with less of the hammer-like action when the valve seats, and less noise in the operation of the engine.

The valve heads can be stamped to different shapes suitable for either inlet or exhaust valves and they can be secured to either solid or hollow valve stems in various difi'erent ways.

In the accompanying drawings, semral difi'erent embodiments of the invention are shown.

Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section showing an inlet valve before the head is welded on the stem.

Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof.

Fig. 3'is a fragmentary elevation, partly in section, showing the completed valve.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the completed valve.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 3, showing a slight modification of the valve shown in Fig. 3.

Figs. '6 and 7 are similar views showing exhaust valves of two slightly different constructions.

Fig. 8 is a similar view of an inlet valve of another construction. I

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of an inlet valve having a hollow stem.

Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of a hollow stein valve of different construction.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of still another construction of hollow stem valve.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 4, A represents the valve head and B the valve stem. The valve head is stamped into shape from a flat metal sheet or disk and as clearly shown in Fig. 1, the head is of substantially uniform thickness throughout and is preferably of shallow, bell-like formation. being hollow and having an upwardly projecting circular marginal flange a. a is the conical seating face of the valve. The flange extends at anangle to the adjacent portion of the head and in bending the flange and concavo-convex central portion of the head in the stamping operation, the metal is drawn slightly which gives the same a permanent set at the bends with the result that the head. although its walls are thin and of substantially uniform thickness throughout, is very stiff or rigid. The valve head is secured on the stem in this construction by reducing the end of the stem as shown at b in Fig. 1 and passing this reduced end of the stem through a central opening in the valve head. The reduced end of the stem is then swaged to fill the central portion of the cavity of the headand form a central boss or convex portion 1) shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The meeting surfaces of the valve head and swaged end of the stem are welded together at 0 and c to permanently connect them.

In the construction shown in Fig. 5, the valve head A and stem B are substantially the same as above described and the head is slipped over the reduced end of the stem, but instead of the reduced end of the stem being swaged, a separate-piece boss or filler (Z is employed which fits around the reduced end of the valve in the cavity of the valve head. In this construction the boss (Z is welded to the meeting surfaces of the valve head and ,stem at e and e and the reduced central portion of the head is Welded to the shoulder on the valve stem at e 7', Figs. 3, 4 and 5 indicates the usual slot for the engagement of a tool for grinding the valve to its seat.

The inlet valve shown in Fig. 8 has a head A substantially similar in form to the valve heads in the other constructions described but in this construction the valve head has a flat imperforate central portion g which is welded at g to the flat end of the valve stem B In the exhaust valve shown in Fig. 6, the head A like the heads of the inlet valves, is stamped from a flat sheet or disk and is of substantially uniform thickness though- -out and has a marginal flangea which is bent at an angle to the adjoining portion of the head. In this valve the flange extends downwardly instead of upwardly so as to leave the upper surfaceof the valve head over which the exhaust gases flow, free from shoulders or projections which would tend to obstruct the flow of the gases. cates the conical seating face of this valve. In the exhaust valve, as in the inlet valve, the head is bent at the juncture of the flange with the main portion of the head, and the walls of the head are also bent at a point inwardly from the flange and these bends give the metal of the head a permanent set. which prevents the head from warping. In this valve the end of the stem B is reduced and welded in a central hole in the valve head.

Fig. 7 shows an exhaust valve which is similar to that shown in Fig. 6 except that the valve head A is welded at 5 to an enlarged flattened end on the valve stem 13".

Figs. 9, 10 and 11 sh w inlet valves which are provided with liol ow stems to further reduce the weight of the valves. The valve heads in these constructions are substantially like the heads of the other inlet valves, being of bell-like formation and flanged, being stamped from flat metal sheets or disks and having walls of substantially uniform thickness throughout. The valve head can be secured to the hollow valve stem in various ways, three different ways being illustrated in Figs. 9 to 11.

In Fig. 9 the valve head A has a central opening through which the reduced end of the hollow valve stem B passes. This reduced end of the stem is expanded to fill the cavity of the valve head and a plug it closes the upper end of the stem and forms a central boss or filler in the valve head. The valve head, stem and plug it are welded together at their meeting surfaces.

In Fig. 10 the upper end of the hollow valve stem 13 is closed by a plug 6 and the a indivalve head A has a flat imperforate central portion which is welded at 2' to the Hat faced ends of the hollow stem. and plug 6.

In the construction shown in Fig. 11, the valve head A is secured on the reduced end of the hollow valve stem, 13 by expanding the reduced end of the stem to fit the cavity of the head and welding the parts together. In this construction the plug or boss shown in Fig. 9 is omitted.

As shown in Fig. 10, the lower ends of the hollow valve stems can be closed by a suitable plug I adapted to 'be engaged by the valve actuating device. This plug can be Welded or otherwise secured to the valve stem.

We claim as our invention 1. An exhaust valve for internal combustion engines comprising a head centrally supported upon a separate-piece stem, said head consisting of a metal stamping having a bend therein.

2. An exhaust valve for internal combustion engines comprising a head centrally supported upon and permanently connected with a separate-piece stem, said head consisting of a metal stamping having a bentmarginal flange. V

3. An exhaust valve for internal comzbustion engines comprising a head centrally supported upon and permanently connected with a separate-piece stem, said head con-' sisting of a metal stamping and being, of substantially uniform thickness throughout.

4. An exhaust valve for internal combustion engines comprising a head and a separate-piece stem permanently connected, said head consisting of a hollow metal stamping having substantially parallel inner and outer exposed surfaces.

5. An exhaust valve for internal combustion engines comprising a head and a separate-piece stem permanently welded together, said head consisting of a hollow metal stamping having a bend therein and havinga central attached portion and a peripheral seat portion.

6. An exhaust valve for internal combustion engines comprising a head and a sepirate-piece stem permanently welded together, said head consisting of a hollow metal stamping having a central hole in which the stem is welded. I

7. An exhaust valve for internal combustion engines comprising a head and a separate-piece stem permanently connected, said head consisting of a hollow metal stamping having a bend therein, and said stern being hollow.

8. An exhaust valve for internal combustion engines comprising a head and a separate-piece stem, said head consisting of a hollow metal stamping and said stem being tubular and welded in a central hole in said head.

9. The herein described method of making exhaust valves for internal combustion engines which comprises forming a hollow valve head having a bend therein by stamping the said valve head from a sheet of metal and welding said head onto a stem.

10. The method of making exhaust valves for internal combustion engines which comprises forming by stamping a hollow-head having a bent marginal flange and welding said head onto a stem.

11. The method of making exhaust valves for internal combustion engines which comprises forming a hollow head of substan tially uniform thickness having a bend therein, by stamping the said head from a sheet of metal and welding the head onto a stem.

Witness my hand, this 1st day of August, 1916.

MAX E. KONIGSLOi/V. Witnesses:

A. A. Balms, ALTON lh-Bmns.

Witness my hand, this 2d day of August, 16. 

